And, indeed, I will ask on my own account here, an idle question: which is better—cheap happiness or exalted sufferings? Well, which is better?---Fyodor Dostoevsky ---Notes from Underground There are certain people of whom it is difficult to say anything which will at once throw them into relief—in other words, describe them graphically in their typical characteristics. These are they who are generally known as “commonplace people,” and this class comprises, of course, the immense majority of mankind. Authors, as a rule, attempt to select and portray types rarely met with in their entirety, but these types are nevertheless more real than real life itself. For instance, when the whole essence of an ordinary person’s nature lies in his perpetual and unchangeable commonplaceness; and when in spite of all his endeavours to do something out of the common, this person ends, eventually, by remaining in his unbroken line of routine—. I think such an individual really does become a type o...
NOTES FROM UNDERGROUND
Hope
To be human is to be a miracle of evolution conscious of its own miraculousness — a consciousness beautiful and bittersweet, for we have paid for it with a parallel awareness not only of our fundamental improbability but of our staggering fragility, of how physiologically precarious our survival is and how psychologically vulnerable our sanity. To make that awareness bearable, we have evolved a singular faculty that might just be the crowning miracle of our consciousness: hope.--
Erich Fromm
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La Revolution Collection: Spanish civil war
When idealists went to war
Robert Capa ( 1913–1954)
The Falling Soldier - Spanish Civil War,
1936The Falling Soldier The most iconic image of the Spanish Civil War – and indeed of Capa’s career – is the photograph of a Spanish Republican militiaman falling down wounded on the Córdoba front line. “The photograph is an overwhelmingly powerful statement of the human existential dilemma, as the solitary man is struck down by an unseen enemy, as if by Fate itself…the photograph is a haunting symbol of all the Republican soldiers who died in the war, and of Republican Spain itself, flinging itself bravely forward and being struck down.” – Richard Whelan, “Robert Capa in Spain"
Farewell ceremony for the International Brigades. Les Masies, Spain. October 25th, 1938.
Republicans women with rifles rest Spanish Civil War
The siege of the Montaña barracks was the two-day siege which marked the initial failure of the July 1936 uprising against the Second Spanish Republic in Madrid, on 18–20 July 1936, at the start of the Spanish Civil War
SPAIN. Madrid. November-December, 1936. During the Italo-German air raids, many people took shelter in the subway stations. The Nationalist offensive on Madrid, which lasted from November 1936 to February 1937, was one of the fiercest of the Civil War. During this period Italy and Germany started helping the Nationalist forces, and the USSR the Popular Front government. The civilians were severely affected by the bombings. Robert Capa © International Center of Photography
SPAIN. August-September 1936. A checkpoint near Barcelona. Robert Capa © International Center of Photography
SPAIN. Barcelona or its vicinity. August, 1936. Republican militiaman aiming a rifle. Robert Capa © International Center of Photography
SPAIN. Barcelona. August 1936.Republican militiaman saying farewell before the departure of a troop train for the front. Robert Capa © International Center of Photography
SPAIN. Barcelona. January 1939. Running for shelter during the air raid alarm. The city was being heavily bombed by Fascist planes as General Franco’s troops rapidly approached the city. Robert Capa © International Center of Photography
SPAIN. Catalonia. Barcelona. August 1936. Militiawomen defending a street barricade. Robert Capa © International Center of Photography
Former member of the Barcelona Philharmonic at a concentration camp for Spanish refugees. Bram, France. March, 1939.
After an Italo-German air raid. The Nationalist offensive on Madrid, which lasted from November 1936 to February 1937, was one of the fiercest of the Civil War. During this period Italy and Germany
Three Loyalist militiamen in a gully aiming rifles. Cordoba front, Spain. Early September, 1936.
Republican soldiers inside the Governor's Palace, the last bastion of the Fascist resistance. Earlier that day the Republicans had detonated mines powerful enough to blow away an entire wall. Battl
SPAIN. Madrid. 1936. The boy is wearing a cap belonging to a member of the Steel Battalions, of the “Union de Hermans Proletarios” (Union of Proletarian Brothers), an anarchist militia. Robert Capa © International Center of Photography
SPAIN. Murcia. February 1937. Refugees from Malaga. Robert Capa © International Center of Photography
SPAIN. November 7th, 1938. Near Fraga, the Aragon front. Loyalist troops during an offensive on the Rio Segre. Robert Capa © International Center of Photography
Robert Capa Madrid winter
SPAIN. Toledo. September 1936. A young Communist militiaman standing near the ruins of the Alcazar
Bidding farewell to the International Brigades. Spain, 1938. Robert Capa
Spanish Nationalists in position along the rugged Huesca front in northern Spain during the Spanish Civil War, December 23, 1936.
W. EUGENE SMITH
Guardia CivilGeorge Orwell (?) and Ernest Hemingway
Battle of Santander
Foto: Fons fotogrà fic Agustà Centelles
Lincoln Brigade
Anarchist Militia Women Spanish Civil War
Guernica Picasso
For Whom the Bell Tolls >>> is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940. It tells the story of Robert Jordan, a young American volunteer attached to a Republican guerrilla unit during the Spanish Civil War. As a dynamiter, he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia.
Robert Capa
An unparalleled war photographer of the 20th century, Robert Capa chronicled the Spanish Civil War and cemented the visuals of WWII into the collective memory with his visceral images of the D-Day landings on Omaha Beach. His most famous photograph, Death of a Loyalist Militiaman (1936), depicts a Spanish soldier on the Córdoba front in mid-collapse from a fatal gunshot. During peaceful interludes, Capa produced portraits of leading cultural figures, including Pablo Picasso and John Steinbeck. A co-founder of Magnum Photos along with Henri Cartier-Bresson and others, Capa died when he stepped on a landmine while on assignment for Time-Life in French Indochina. He would inspire future generations of war photographers with his rule, “if your pictures aren’t good enough, you’re not close enough.”
Robert Capa ICN >>>
Robert Capa at 100: The war photographer’s legacy >>>
Spanish Civil War History >>>
Robert Capa: In Love and War-
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